Readings from the Writings of The Báb - Báb, The (2012)
Link to audio recordings of a descendant of the Báb reading from two of his most important works, Qayyúm al-Asmá' "Surah to the Kings" and the Bayán-i-farsí (Persian Bayán).
Keywords: Audiobooks and letters; Bayan-i-Farsi (Persian Bayan); Báb, Writings of; Qayyumul-Asma (book)

Reality Magazine: Editorship and Ownership of an American Bahá'í Periodical - Smith,Peter (From Iran East and West: Studies in Babi and Baha'i History, 1984)
Development and eventual demise of an independent publication from the early years of the Faith in America.
See also Reality magazine, Biography of H.G. Dyar, and this series of articles about Dyar (2012).
Keywords: Harrison G. Dyar; Periodicals; Reality magazine

Reality magazine: Volume 1 - Various (Reality Magazine, 1919)
Five issues of Vol. 1, May 1919 - September 1919, of a short-lived journal designed to promote "liberal" approaches to the Bahá'í Faith.
The first issue is undated, but cites events at the end of April, and Issue #2 is dated June, so "May" is a likely guess.
Keywords: Periodicals; Reality magazine

Reality magazine: Volume 2 - Various (Reality Magazine, 1919)
Twelve issues of Vol. 2, December 1919 - December 1920.
Keywords: Periodicals; Reality magazine

Reality magazine: Volume 5 - Various (Reality Magazine, 1922)
Twelve issues of Vol. 5, January 1922 - December 1922.
Keywords: Periodicals; Reality magazine

Reality magazine: Volumes 3-4 - Various (Reality Magazine, 1921)
Twenty-four issues of Vols. 3-4, January 1921 - December 1921, of a short-lived journal designed to promote "liberal" approaches to the Bahá'í Faith.
Also online at Google books.
Keywords: Periodicals; Reality magazine

Reality Matters - Conow,Betty Hoff (Journal of Baha'i Studies, 1992)
Bahá'í teachings discuss how reality affects matter and vice-versa. The "new physics" of relativity and high energy describe the reality of matter in similar terms. Our universe is both intelligible and is encoded with intelligence on the subatomic level.
Keywords: Physics; Reality; Science

Realms of Divine Existence as described in the Tablet of All Food - Ma'sumian,Bijan (Deepen, 1994)
Bahá'í theoretical theology in the Lawh-i-Qullu'Ta'am.
This document is also available as a scan of the original magazine pages [PDF, 2MB].
Keywords: Abhá Kingdom; Cosmology; God, Worlds of; Interfaith dialogue; Lawh-i-Kullu't-Ta'ám (Tablet of All Food); Philosophy; Sufism

Reason and Revelation: New Directions in Bahá'í Thought - Fazel,Seena, editor; Danesh,John, editor (Studies in the Bábí and Bahá'í Religions, 2002)
Selected articles published earlier in Bahá'í Studies Review.
These articles are online in draft form only: some as published in the Bahá'í Studies Review and some in a pre-edited state. Some titles and content have been revised for the book edition. All articles online with permission of Bahá'í Studies Review and Kalimat Press. See also at Google Books.
Keywords: Kalimat Press

Reason and the Bahá'í Writings - Kluge,Ian (Lights of Irfan, 2013)
The Bahá'í Faith has much to say on the importance of reason, logic, and a "rational God," but the mind alone is not sufficient to attain transrational understanding. This paper examines the uses and limitations of reason in light of cultural differences.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #109, Bosch Bahá'í School (May 2012). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/109/kluge_reason. See also an earlier workshop presentation, kluge_reason_bahai_writings.
Keywords: Contradictions; Cultural differences; Cultural diversity; God; Heart; Human nature; Intuition; Knowledge; Logic; Manifestations of God; Philosophy; Proofs; Rationality; Reason; Science; Some Answered Questions (book); Soul; Unity of humanity

Reason and the Bahá'í Writings: The Use and Misuse of Logic and Persuasion - Kluge,Ian (2001)
How to study the Bahá'í Writings through the use of logic.
Workshop presentation at ABS conference, Seattle, September 2001. See also a later published article, kluge_reason_writings_2013.
Keywords: Administrative Order; Aristotle; Change; Closer than your life vein; Conspiracy theories; Context, Taking verses out of; Contradictions; Criticism and apologetics; Decline and renewal of religion; Deduction; Faith (general); Freedom and liberty; Gender; God; God, Knowledge of; God, Nearness to; Government; Human rights; Interpretation; Laws; Logic; Manifestations of God; Metaphors and allegories; Mirrors; Nearness and remoteness; Obedience; Obligatory prayer, Short; Paradoxes; Philosophy; Philosophy, Greek; Politics; Progressive revelation; Promulgation of Universal Peace (book); Proofs; Propaganda; Public discourse (discourses of society); Reason; Relativism; Religion (general); Research; Rhetoric; Scholarship; Science; Some Answered Questions (book); Soul; Statistics; Teaching; Theocracy; Tree (metaphor); Trinity; Universe

Recharge your batteries by detaching for a while - Slavin,Ted (St. Catharines Standard, 2010)
Mirrored with permission of author from www.stcatharinesstandard.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=2673830.
Keywords: Detachment; Information technology; Social media

Recherche sur les Signes Visibles dans le Ciel de la Venue des Manifestations de Dieu - Moyo,Romuald Boubou (2019)
Les annonces des venues des Manifestations de Dieu dans les écrits saints ont à la fois un sens caché et visible. Quels sont les astres célestes qui ont été observés par les scientifiques à l’avènement du Christianisme, de l’Islam, et de la Foi Baha’ie?
Keywords: Astronomy; Christianity; Comets; Falling stars; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Planets; Prophecies; Science; Signs

Recognition and Identity: The case of the Baha'i Faith - Onder,Cetin (Alternatives, 2002)
Bahá'í Faith seen in a Hegelian model.
Mirrored with permission from alternativesjournal.net. Also available as a formatted PDF.
Keywords: Criticism and apologetics; Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel; Islam; Philosophy

Recognition of Bahá'í Marriage and Holidays in American State Law - Wagner,Ralph D., compiler (1998)
List of sample legal statutes and proceedings from various states, followed by specific legal counsel of the State of Oklahoma regarding recognition of Bahá'í holy days.
Text taken from "Westlaw," a commercial database published by the West Publishing Company. To comply with copyright law, any annotations have been deleted, leaving the original public-domain text. [-R.D.W.]
Keywords: Holy days; Marriage; Recognition (legal); United States (documents); Weddings

Recognition of the Next Manifestation by the Universal House of Justice - Universal House of Justice (1997)
Бахаулла говорит, что следующее Богоявление тоже столкнётся с преследованиями, но восторжествует над Своими гонителями.
Keywords: Future Manifestations of God; Manifestations of God, Recognition of; Universal House of Justice

Recognition of the Next Manifestation of God - Universal House of Justice (1997)
On concerns that a future Universal House of Justice might not recognize the next Manifestation of God.
Keywords: Future Manifestations of God; Manifestations of God, Recognition of; Persecution; Universal House of Justice

Recollection of Visits with 'Abdul-Baha - Dodge,William Copeland (1959)
Travels in Akka and meetings with Abdu'l-Bahá November 16 - December 4 1901 at his house in Akka, and in 1912 in New York, recounted by the son of Arthur Pillsbury Dodge.
Transcript, and audio recording with a prayer and extra 1 minute at beginning, online at bahaitalks.blogspot.ca/2013/08/my-visits-with-abdul-bha-in-1901-1912.html.
Keywords: 1901; 1912; Akka, Israel; New York City, NY; Pilgrims notes

Recollections of Muriel Handley - Handley,Muriel; Handley,John (75 Years of the Bahá'í Faith in Australasia, 1996)
Personal history of an early Bahá'í life in Australia.
This document is no longer available at its original host; mirrored from archive.org.
Keywords: 1905; 20th century; Biography; Tasmania, Australia

Recollections of Pilgrimage: Nine Days with the Guardian in 1957 - Washington,Bill (2014)
Lengthy account of 9 days in the Holy Land. Appendixes include list of items in the Archives, stories told by other pilgrims, and discussion of the Ten-Year Plan.
Shared by author for posting here, shortly before his passing. Some minor edits, as suggested by a review panel of the NSA of Australia, were made in September 2016.
Keywords: 1957; Archives; Pilgrims notes; Plans

Reconciling the Other: The Bahá'í Faith in America as a Successful Synthesis of Christianity and Islam - Lee,Anthony (1995)
Although many ordinary Bahá'ís are unaware of their religion's Islamic roots, seeing it instead as the fulfilment of Christianity, we may regard the Bahá'í Faith in America as a successful synthesis, harmonizing Christianity and Islam.
Paper submitted for the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Religion, Western Region, March 30-April 1, 1995, "Islamic Studies" section.
Keywords: Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; United States (documents)

Reconsidering the Civil Rights Era in the Footsteps of 'Abdu'l-Bahá - Thomas,June Manning (Journal of Baha'i Studies, 2022)
On principles of racial prejudice and 1960s South Carolina, including the fallacy of racial prejudice, the need to judge people by their moral character rather than their race, and the responsibilities of different races toward each other.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca. See also the complete issue "Human utterance is an essence which aspireth to exert its influence" [PDF].
Keywords: 1960s; Human rights; Race; Race unity; Racism; South Carolina, USA; United States (documents); `Abdu'l-Bahá

Reconstructing Ridvan - Velasco,Ismael (Baha'i Journal (UK), 2002)
Brief historical overview of an event about which the Guardian said the circumstances are "shrouded in an obscurity which future historians will find it difficult to penetrate."
Keywords: Baghdad, Iraq; Bahá'u'lláh, Declaration of; Iraq; Ridván; Ridván garden (Najibiyyih garden, Baghdad)

Reconstructing the Academy - Hatcher,William S. (William S. Hatcher Library, 2008)
Brief response to postmodernism in academia and the "Sokal Hoax." Contains no mention of the Bahá'í Faith.
On the Sokal Hoax, see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokal_affair. Mirrored with permission from william.hatcher.org.

Recovering Biographies of Enslaved Africans In Nineteenth-Century Iran - Lee,Anthony (Changing Horizons of African History, 2016)
On the history, and lack of scholarship about, the East-African slave trade to Iran; as many as 1-2 million Africans were brought to Persia as servants, eunuchs, and concubines.
Mirrored with permission from academia.edu. See also publisher's page.
Keywords: 19th century; Africa; Indian Ocean World; Iran; Slavery

Recovering the Lives of Enslaved Africans in Nineteenth-Century Iran: A First Attempt - Lee,Anthony (Changing Horizons in African History, 2016)
Reconstructing the lives of four slaves in the Middle East, including Haji Mubarak and Fezzeh Khanum, servants of The Bab.
Posted by author at academia.edu in Microsoft Word format. Buy online at amazon.com.
Keywords: 19th century; Biography; Báb, The; Diaspora, African; Fezzeh Khanum; Hájí Mubarak; Iran (documents); Servants; Slavery

Recreating Ourselves in the Image of the Master - Price,Tom (2012)
Program discussing how we can become more like 'Abdu'l-Bahá in our daily lives. Each of the six talks meditates on one quality.
This talk was presented at various summer schools around the world in summer 2012: Florida, Tennessee, Sweden, Scotland, Holland, Denmark, Slovakia, Greece, and Romania. This recording was made at the Tennessee Bahá'í School. Mirrored with permission from global-music.org.

Rectitude of Conduct - Mitchell,Glenford (2006)
From "Serving the Divine Plan Programme"; see mentions of this program in uhj_turning_point_1996-2006 pages iii, viii, and 223, and haifalife.blogspot.ca. Mirrored with permission from bahaimp3.narod.ru.

Recuerdos de los amigos del Consejero Raúl Pavón Mejía: Padre de la enseñanza a los indígenas en Ecuador - Various (National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'í of Ecuador, 2008)
Compendium of stories and testimonies from the many friends who shared life and Faith with this renowned teacher to the indigenous peoples of Ecuador. Includes five pages of poetry, at end.
Posted with permission (personal email, 2021/06/21): "In response to your letter of May 13, 2021, requesting permission to include the digital book Los Recuerdos de los amigos del Consejero Raúl Pavón Mejía in the Bahá’í Library Online, the National Assembly is pleased to authorize the publication of the book. Regarding copyright, this book is a compilation of stories and photos from friends in the community that were requested by the National Spiritual Assembly of Ecuador through Mr. Ralph Dexter for the 25th anniversary of the passing of Counsellor Pavón. We are attaching a complete version of the book..."
Keywords: 1894; 1983; 20th century; Bahá'í history by country; Biography; Ecuador; Raul Pavon

Redefining Resiliency, Resistance, and Oppression: A Case Study of the Bahá'i Underground University in Iran - Missaghi,Kimiya Tahirih (2021)
On the nature of resiliency in a systematically oppressed population; the existence and growth of the Bahá'í Institute of Higher Education exemplify perseverance and resistance under intergenerational pressure; a non-violent approach to seeking justice.
Posted at carleton.ca. M.A. thesis for the dept. of Legal Studies at Carleton University, Ottawa.
Keywords: Bahá'í Institute for Higher Education (BIHE); Iran (documents); Persecution; Persecution, Education; Persecution, Iran

Rediscovering the Resources of Religion - Baharuddin,Azizan (The Lab, the Temple, and the Market, 2000)
Islamic perspectives on science and development; peace; experiential processes in religion; the role of metaphysics; the definition of "development."
Mirrored from idrc.ca, where it is also available in HTML format. The complete book is also available for free at Google books.

References of 'Abdu'l-Bahá and Shoghi Effendi to the Hidden Words: Introduction - Parvis Brookshaw,Dominic (Baha'i Studies Review, 1999)
Essay written as introduction to the Compilation on the Hidden Words, both published in BSR 9.
Keywords: Covenant; Interpretation; Kalimat-i-Maknunih (Hidden Words); Preserved Tablet; Translation; Tree of Life; Ungodly

References to Christ in His Tablet to Pope Pius IX - Bradford,Dianne (1998)
Add or read quotations or links pertaining to this work here.
Keywords: Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Jesus Christ; Lawh-i-Pap (Tablet to Pope Pius IX); Tablets to kings and rulers

References to the Bahá'í Faith in the U.S. State Department's Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - United States Department of State (1991)
Excerpts from the State Department's annual compilation of Country Reports on Human Rights Practices on discrimination against the Bahá'í Faith and persecution of its adherents in twenty countries.
See also Human Rights Watch World Reports, 1989-2012 (offsite).
Keywords: Albania; Armenia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Bahrain; Barbados; Bolivia; Botswana; Bulgaria; Cambodia; Cameroon; Chad; Costa Rica; Cuba; Cyprus; Djibouti, East Africa; Egypt; Equatorial Guinea; Ghana; Greece; Guinea; Human rights; Iceland; India; Indonesia; Iran (documents); Israel; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kuwait; Laos; Lebanon; Libya; Liechtenstein; Mali; Moldova; Mongolia; Morocco; Mozambique; New Zealand; Niger; Oman; Pakistan; Romania; Russia; Saudi Arabia; Seychelles; Spain; Swaziland; Tajikistan; Tonga; Tunisia; Turkey; Turkmenistan; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom; Uzbekistan; Vietnam; Yemen

References to the Holy Spirit in the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh and 'Abdu'l-Bahá: A Meditational Compilation - Zein,Violetta, compiler (2023)
An aid to prayer and meditation. The Holy Spirit is referred to as an entity, a servant to the Manifestations, an intermediary, an outpouring of the Grace of God, an element of confirmation, the appearance and perfections of God, and many more.
Keywords: Devotion; Holy Spirit; Prayer

Reflections about the Greatest Name of God in the Bahá'í Faith - Klebel,Wolfgang A. (2023)
Two words used in the name of God "Alláh’u’Abhá": Alláh = God and Abhá = glorious; name reversal with the Manifestation, "God of All-Glory" versus "Glory of God."
Keywords: Alláh-u-Abhá; Bahá (title); Greatest Name

Reflections of a Human Spirit in a Male Body - Hatcher,William S. (William S. Hatcher Library, 2008)
Includes discussions of the nature of patriarchy, chauvinism, and feminism.
Mirrored with permission from william.hatcher.org.
Keywords: Gender

Reflections of Our Values: Digital Technologies and a Just Transition - Bahá'í International Community (2021)
A statement to the 59th session of the Commission for Social Development on technological innovation, consultation on technological adoption, and working inclusively between communities and governments.
Mirrored from bic.org. Also available in PDF format. See also "BIC event explores relationships between digital technologies and just societies."
Keywords: Agriculture; Artificial intelligence (AI); BIC statements; Business; Communication; Consultation; Covid-19 (Corona virus); Cultural diversity; Decision making; Economics; Ethics; Inequality; Innovation; Internet; Justice; Knowledge; Materialism; Maturity of humanity; Moderation; Science; Social change; Social justice; Technology; United Nations; Values

Reflections on a Culture of Learning and Growth: Community and Individual Paradigm Shifts: Part A: A Contemporary, Historical, Futuristic and Personal Context - Price,Ron (2008)
The building of the community & administrative structure of this new world Faith was at the core of Bahai programs & policies, goals & game-plans, so to speak, from 1921 to 1996, a period of 75 years, and as far back as the last years of the 19th century.
Part 1: This book, of which this document at BLO is Part A, is 790 pages font 16, and 680 pages font 14. The book has 280 thousand words. It contains reflections and understandings regarding the new Bahá'í culture of learning and growth, what amounts to a paradigmatic shift, in the Baha’i community. This international community found in over 230 countries and territories, as well as an estimated 150 thousand localities, has been going through this shift in its culture since the mid-1990s. This Faith had its origins in mid-19th century Iran with a century of several critical precursors going back to the middle of the 18th century. The new Bahá'í culture or paradigm, which is the focus of this book, has just stuck its head above the ground, so to speak. This new culture of learning and growth will be developing in the decades ahead, arguably, at least until 2044, the end of the second century of the Bahá'í Era(1844 to 2044), and perhaps beyond into that third century of the Bahá'í Era, 2044 to 2144. Time will tell when the next paradigmatic shift will take place in the international Bahá'í community, a community I have now been associated with for more than 60 years: 1953 to 2015. Part 2: Comparisons and contrasts are made to several previous paradigm shifts in the Bahá'í community, as well as the Bábí community, the major precursor community out of which the Bahá'í Faith emerged by degrees from the 1850s to the 1860s. Thoughts on future developments within this paradigm, and future paradigms, are suggested. In the first nine years, 2007 to 2015, of the presence on the internet of this commentary, this book, it has contributed to an extensive dialogue on the issues regarding the many related and inter-related processes involved in the many ongoing changes since 1996 in the international Bahá'í community and its 5 to 8 million adherents. This work is dedicated to the Universal House of Justice, trustee of the global undertaking which the events of more than a century ago set in motion. The fully institutionalized charismatic Force, a Force that historically found its expression in the Person of Bahá'u'lláh, had effloresced by a process of succession, of appointment and election, at the apex of Bahai administration for half a century by the end of April 2013. I have also written this book as a form of dedication to, by some accounts, an estimated 20 thousand Bahá'ís and Babis who have given their lives for this Cause from the 1840s to the second decade of this third millennium. I have also dedicated this book to the many best teachers and exemplary believers--those ordinary Bahais--who have consecrated themselves, indeed their lives by sensible and insensible degrees, each in their own ways, to the work of this Faith. This book has also been written partly in memory of what has come to be recognized as a large and intrepid band of early Bahá’í men and women who blazed a trail for those of us who have followed, and the ever-growing, ever-evolving global Bahá’í community that they helped to “birth.” I am also grateful to have been in the warm embrace of many Bahá'í communities, a heterogeneous mix of people who have often tested me to my limits, and I them, but who taught me a great deal through the chrysalis of social interaction and experience over my more than 60 years of association with this newest, this latest, of the Abrahamic religions. Finally, I have written this work in memory of my maternal grandfather, Alfred Cornfield, whose life from 1872 to 1958 has always been for me a model of an engagement in a quite personal culture of learning and personal growth. Part 3: This book is the longest analysis and commentary on this new Bahá'í paradigm that is currently available in the Bahai community, although several other books, which deal with this new Bahá'í culture to some extent, have appeared since this book was first launched in cyberspace in 2007. The overarching perspective in this book is a quite personal one that attempts to answer the question: "where do I fit into this new paradigm?" Readers are left to work out their own response to this question, as readers inevitably must, now and in the decades ahead, as this new paradigm develops a life of its own within the framework already established in the first two decades of its operation: 1996 to 2015. The question now is not "if" but "how" each Bahá'í will engage themselves, will participate, in this new paradigm as the first century of the Bahá'í Formative Age comes to an end in 2021, and as the years beyond in this third millennium continue to challenge all of humanity in ways we can, at this point, only dimly imagine.
Keywords: Growth; Learning; Ron Price

Reflections on a Culture of Learning and Growth: Community and Individual Paradigm Shifts: Part B: A Contemporary, Historical, Futuristic and Personal Context - Price,Ron (2014)
The building of the community and administrative structure of this new world Faith was at the core of Bahai programs & policies, goals & game-plans, so to speak, from 1921 to 1996, a period of 75 years, & as far back as the last years of the 19th century.
Part 1: This book, of which this document at BLO is Part B, is 790 pages font 16, and 680 pages font-14. The book has about 280 thousand words. It contains reflections and understandings regarding the new Bahá'í culture of learning and growth, what amounts to a paradigmatic shift, in the Baha’i community. This international community found in over 230 countries & territories, as well as some 120 thousand localities has been going through this shift in its culture since the mid-1990s. The Bahá'í Faith claims to be the newest, the latest, of the Abrahamic religions. This Faith had its origins in mid-19th century Iran. But this new Bahá'í culture, or paradigm, has just stuck its head above the ground, so to speak. This particular form of the Bahá'í culture will be developing in the decades ahead, arguably, at least until 2044, the end of the second century of the Bahá'í Era(1844 to 2044), and perhaps beyond into that third century of the Bahá'í Era, 2044 to 2144. Time will tell when the next paradigmatic shift will take place in the international Bahá'í community, a community I have now been associated with for more than 60 years: 1953 to 2015. Comparisons and contrasts are made to several previous paradigm shifts in the Bahá'í community. Thoughts on future developments within this paradigm, and future paradigms, are suggested. In the first nine years, 2007 to 2015, of the presence on the internet of this book, this commentary, it has contributed to an extensive dialogue on the issues regarding the many related and inter-related processes involved in the many ongoing changes since 1996 in the international Bahá'í community and its 5 to 8 million adherents. Part 2: This work is dedicated to the Universal House of Justice, trustee of the global undertaking which the events of more than a century ago set in motion. The fully institutionalized charismatic Force, a Force that historically found its expression in the Person of Bahá'u'lláh, had effloresed by a process of succession, of appointment and election, at the apex of Bahá'í administration for half a century by the end of April 2013. I have also written this book as a form of dedication to, by some accounts, an estimated 20 thousand Bahá'ís and Babis who have given their lives for this Cause from the 1840s to the second decade of this third millennium. I have also dedicated this book to the many best teachers and exemplary believers--those ordinary Bahais--who have consecrated themselves, indeed their lives by sensible and insensible degrees, each in their own ways, to the work of this Faith. I have written this work in memory of my maternal grandfather, Alfred Cornfield, whose life from 1872 to 1958 has always been for me a model of an engagement in a quite personal culture of learning and personal growth. Part 3: This book is the longest analysis and commentary on this new Bahá'í paradigm that is currently available in the Bahai community, although several other books have appeared since this piece of writing first appeared in cyberspace in 2007. The overarching perspective in this book is a personal one that attempts to answer the question: "where do I fit into this new paradigm?" Readers are left to work out their own response to this question as readers inevitably must, now and in the decades ahead, as this new paradigm develops a life of its own within the framework already established in the first two decades of its operation: 1996 to 2015. The question now is not "if" but "how" each Bahá'í will engage themselves, will participate, in this new paradigm as the first century of the Formative Age comes to an end in 2021 and in the years beyond as this third millennium continues to challenge all of humanity. In mid-2015 I was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and became unable to continue my work on this book. I leave it to others to take the story beyond the southern winter of 2015
Keywords: Ron Price

Reflections on Baha'u'llah's Claims to Being the Return of Imam Husayn - Velasco,Ismael (2020)
On Imam Husayn in Shi'a Islam, expectations of his return, his place in Bábí theology, and various relationships to the Bábí Faith: ancestral, devotional, initiatory, theophanic, typological, eschatological, and messianic.
Work in progress; will be updated and formatting improved later this year.
Keywords: Bahá'u'lláh, Station of; Bahá'í studies; Bábísm; Genealogy; Imam Husayn; Imams; Iran (documents); Islam; Prophecies; Return; Shia Islam (Shiism)

Reflections on Climate Change: A Baha'i Response - Duncan,Rod (Interreligious Insight, 2010)
Responses to climate change from members of various religious faiths.
Mirrored from www.interreligiousinsight.org/January2010/January2010.html.
Keywords: Climate change; Environment

Reflections on Human Rights, Moral Development, and the Global Campaign to Eradicate Gender-Based Violence - Penn,Michael L. (Bahá'í-Inspired Perspectives on Human Rights, 2001)
A review some of the most significant developments in human rights law designed to contribute to the advancement of women and the eradication of gender-based violence; insufficient attention has been given to the psycho-spiritual dimensions.
This book is also available for download as a single PDF [2MB]. Mirrored with permission from juxta.com. See publisher's Books for the World license.
Keywords: Abuse; Compassion; Domestic violence; Ethics; Gender; Human rights; Moral education; Sexual violence; United Nations; Women; Ṭáhirih Qurratu'l-'Ayn

Reflections on Infallibility - Hatcher,William S. (Journal of Baha'i Studies, 2007)
The progress seen in human history would have been impossible without periodic Revelations. Infallibility is the main source of rationality, preventing humanity from losing itself in superstition, but should not be confused with omniscience or fanaticism.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/133.
Keywords: Infallibility

Reflections on Some Messianic Prophecies in Shaykhi Works - Ioannesyan,Youli A. (Lights of Irfan, 2010)
A Bahá’í interpretation of passages of messianic prophecy in the writings of Shaykh Ahmad and Siyyid Kázim.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org.
Keywords: Irfán Colloquia; Islam; Prophecies; Shaykhism

Reflections on the Art of My Poetry: An Interview of Roger White (1929-1993) - Hatcher,John S., editor (Journal of Baha'i Studies, 2016)
A glimpse into the mind of a gifted poet and the struggles that he, like many Bahá'í artists, encountered in responding to Bahá'u'lláh's exhortation that art best serves humanity when it elevates and edifies the soul and its spiritual receptivity.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/205.
Keywords: 1929; 1993; Arts and crafts; Biography; Interviews; John Hatcher; Poetry; Roger White

Reflections on the Bahá'í Peace Program - Danesh,Hossain (2013)
Peace-making, conflict resolution, and the importance of negotiation between opposing parties.
Lecture hosted by the Ezri Center for Iran & Persian Gulf Studies, December 17, 2013. Mirrored from gulfc.haifa.ac.il. This file was posted at gulfc.haifa.ac.il as a mono mp3 file streamed by Microsoft Media Server (44kHz, 128kbps). It was captured by Audio Hijack and saved as a downloadable mp3 file (44kHz, 128 kbps).

Reflections on the Challenge of Our Age - Lample,Paul (Journal of Baha'i Studies, 2022)
On how Bahá'ís expect to search for truth and build a just and peaceful world through the conscious transformation of the moral order — not by force or coercion but by example, persuasion, and cooperation.
Issue date 2021, published 2022 January. Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/398. See also the complete issue "Walking the Mystic Path with Practical Feet". [PDF]
Keywords: Morality; Paul Lample; Peace; Transformation

Reflections on the Epistemological Views of 'Abdu'l-Bahá - Sergeev,Mikhail (Journal of Baha'i Studies, 2012)
Abdu’l-Bahá explored four sources of knowledge—sensory perception, reason, intuition, and tradition—to examine the importance of scripture, limitations of human knowledge, distinctions between objective and subjective knowledge, and between human/divine.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/154
Keywords: Knowledge; Philosophy; Some Answered Questions (book)

Reflections on the First Century of the Formative Age - Universal House of Justice (2023)
Overview of the Faith's developments and activities during the previous century, including the Guardianship, global expansion, community building and development, participation in societal discourse, and construction of the Bahá'í World Centre.
Mirrored from, and online in multiple formats at, bahai.org/library. Also available with added paragraph numbers and references in PDF and Microsoft Word format, prepared by M. Thomas (2023), and also as Epub on bahaiebooks.org. An audio version is available at bahaiblog.net/audio/audio-books-readings. See also Study Guides by E. Michot (2023-12) and E. Bayat (2024-01). See also a pie chart overview of the letter's contents.
Keywords: Administrative Order; Advancement of civilization; Appointed arm; Auxiliary board members; Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Bahá'u'lláh, Shrine of (Bahjí); Bahá'í Faith, Evolutionary nature of; Bahá'í Faith, Purposes of; Bahá'í Institute for Higher Education (BIHE); Bahá'í International Community; Bahá'í International Development Organization; Bahá'í World Centre; Bahá'í World Centre; Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; Bahá'í World volumes; Bahá'í schools; Betterment of the world; Báb, Shrine of (Haifa); Calamities and catastrophes; Capacity building; Centenaries; Charters of the Bahá'í Faith; Charters of the Bahá'í Faith; Chronology and timelines; Civilization; Clusters; Community building; Consultation; Counsellors; Covenant; Covenant-breaking; Crisis; Crisis; Decline and renewal of religion; Entry by troops; Expansion; External affairs; Formative Age; Freedom and liberty; Growth; Hands of the Cause, Institution; Historical overviews by Central Figures or BWC; Holy Land; Holy places; Holy places; Hope; Huqúqu'lláh; Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity (ISGP); Institute process; Integration and disintegration; International Teaching Centre; Interpretation; Justice; Knowledge; Learning; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Maturity of humanity; Mount Carmel; Nine Year Plan (2022-2031); Office of Public Discourse; Opposition; Peace; Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Pilgrimage; Plans; Prejudice; Principles; Programmes of growth; Promise of World Peace (statement); Protagonists (individuals, communities and institutions); Public discourse (discourses of society); Recognition (legal); Reflections on the First Century of the Formative Age (letter); Regional Bahá'í Councils; Religion (general); Religion (general); Religion (general); Resilience; Retrospect and prospect; Shoghi Effendi; Social action; Social and economic development; Social change; Society building; Spiritual Assemblies; Spirituality; Tablets of the Divine Plan; Teaching; Tests and difficulties; Training Institutes; Transformation; United Nations; Unity; Unity of humanity; Universal House of Justice (UHJ general); Universal House of Justice, Constitution of; Universal House of Justice, Letters and messages; Volunteering

Reflections on The Four Valleys of Bahá'u'lláh - Hemmat,Amrollah (Journal of Baha'i Studies, 2021)
Studies of this book often focus on its Sufi and mystical aspects. But when it is seen within the larger context of the totality of the Bahá’í Writings, its purpose appears as a guide for spiritual wayfarers to the recognition of the Manifestation of God.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca. See also the complete issue "Studying the Revealed Word". [PDF]
Keywords: Annemarie Schimmel; Chahar Vadi (Four Valleys); Fragrance; Joseph (Prophet); Knowledge; Manifestations of God; Metaphors and allegories; Self; Wine (metaphor); Words and phrases

Reflections on the Ridvan 2009 Message - Khan,Peter J. (2009)
The concept of change in religion and in the Bahá’í Faith, and the importance of wholehearted obedience to the Covenant.
Location and context of this talk unknown. Headings presumably added by someone other than the author. New formatting added. See also a discussion of this letter by the US NSA. Mirrored from reflectionsonteachingbahaifaith.blogspot.com/2009/08/reflections-on-ridvan-2009-message-talk.html.
Keywords: 2009; Extremism; Religious intolerance; Ridvan messages, Comments; Ruhi Institute

Reflections on the Spiritual Dynamics of the Bahá'í Faith - Bausani,Alessandro (Journal of Baha'i Studies, 1988)
The spiritual force released by Bahá’u’lláh has the power to change the entire world; he has given us the power both to understand human problems and to correct them; the gathering together of Bahá’ís in prayer will augment these spiritual forces.
This article is posted online at the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive. Permission to cross-post articles given by ABS editor in 1997 and 2000 when I was building the first bahai-studies.ca website.
Keywords: Alessandro Bausani; Ethics; Social action; Spirituality

Reflections on the Structure of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas, Some - Danesh,Roshan (Journal of Baha'i Studies, 2015)
While the Kitab-i-Aqdas might seem unstructured, lacking apparent logical or discernible order, there is meaning to be found in its organization — particularly the first 19 paragraphs: the pivotal constructs of Bahá’í spiritual and social teachings.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca.
Keywords: Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Laws

Reflections, at the centenary of the Tablets of the Divine Plan - Lample,Paul (2016)
Lengthy discussions on who we are and what we're doing, morality in a the contemporary world, processes of integration and disintegration, and the Faith's future growth, helping place the work of the 2016-2021 Five-Year Plan in historical context.
Title made up for this online posting, not in original.

Réflexions intimes sur le Kitáb-i-Aqdas - Daoust,Pierre (2022)
Un petit recueil de réflexions; une sorte de voyage dans un domaine aux multiples paysages, qui donnera l'envie à d'autres de lire le Kitáb-i-Aqdas et d'être eux aussi touchés par sa profondeur, sa sagesse, et sa beauté.
Keywords: Authority; Freedom and liberty; Justice; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Knowledge; Laws; Peace; Unity; Wisdom

Reforming the Marja` at-Taqlid: The Baha'i Example - Walbridge,Linda (1997)
Shi'i leadership paradigms and the marja` at-taqlid, "clerical exemplar" or "religious guide."
Keywords: Criticism and apologetics; Iran (documents); Shia Islam (Shiism)

Reformist Movement in the Islamic Republic of Iran: Past, Present, and Future - Mahdi,Ali Akbar (2006)
Lecture hosted by the Ezri Centre for Iran & Persian Gulf Studies, January 8 2006. Mirrored from http://gulfc.haifa.ac.il/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=32&Itemid=31.

Reframing Public Discourse for Peace and Justice - Karlberg,Michael (Forming a Culture of Peace: Reframing Narratives of Intergroup Relations, Equity, and Justice, 2012)
At this critical juncture in human history, struggles for peace and justice should be understood, in part, as struggles to reframe public discourses according to the recognition of humanity’s increasing global interdependence.
While this article references Bahá'í concepts and cites many Bahá'í sources in the bibliography, it does not directly mention the Faith. Mirrored with permission from author's website, myweb.wwu.edu [archive.org]
Keywords: Justice; Peace; Public discourse (discourses of society)

Regarding Economic Life - Universal House of Justice (2017)
Themes of Bahá'u'lláh's teachings include the reorganization of human society, how to participate in the material affairs of society in a way consistent with divine precepts, and how collective prosperity can be advanced through justice and collaboration.
Mirrored from bahai.org/library.
Keywords: Economics; Huqúqu'lláh; Justice; Materialism; Moderation; Prosperity

Regarding Family Life and Marriage - Universal House of Justice (2025)
Letter emphasizing the Bahá’í family’s role in fostering unity, equality, and spiritual growth, shaping communities, and resisting societal disintegration through service, education, and evolving family structures.
Mirrored from bahai.org, where it is also available in PDF and Word formats. In its Naw-Rúz message 182 (2025) to the Bahá'ís of Iran the Universal House of Justice writes: "Since the institution of the family is even as a oedrock and cornerstone for society, we have taken the advent of Naw-Rúz as an opportunity to address the followers of the Greatest Name throughout the world in a message on this suoject. In that message, we have emphasized certain topics relating to the importance of living a Bahá’í life, family relations, and Bahá’í marriage, and have encouraged the friends to reflect on the influence of the divine teachings on the progress of the family as an institution and the significant consequences that such progress has for the advancement and upliftment of society."
Keywords: Bahá'í homes; Children; Community (general); Community building; Education; Equality; Family; Fathers; Hospitality; Institute process; Integration and disintegration; Love; Marriage; Maturity of humanity; Mothers; Parents; Principles; Service; Social change; Social cohesion; Society building; Spirituality; Virtues; Women

Regarding Jaʻfar-i-Kadhdháb ('Jaʻfar the Liar') - Bahá'u'lláh (2016)
One-paragraph passage about the mystical cities Jabulqa and Jabulsa and the truthfulness of a figure, Jaʻfar (connected with the history of the Twelfth Imam).
Mirrored with permission from adibmasumian.com. The original Tablet can be found in Máʼidiy-i-Ásmání, vol. 4, pp. 90–91.
Keywords: Hidden Imam; Imams; Islam; Jabulqa and Jabulsa; Prophecies; Qá'im; Shia Islam (Shiism); Twelfth Imam

Regarding the Implementation of the Badi` Calendar - Universal House of Justice (2014)
Message to the Bahá’ís of the world on the updated calendar of Bahá'í holy days. Includes a table of Bahá’í Dates 172 to 221 B.E., and a letter to an individual explaining the date of the astronomical new moon in Islamic and Bahá'í calendars.
Title taken from the "summary of contents" of this letter, as posted at bahai.org. Table below lightly updated by Mike Thomas and also provided in Word format (2021). See many other resources, including an app and online converter, at badi-calendar.com.
Keywords: Badi calendar; Bahá'u'lláh, Birth of; Báb, Birth of; Calendars (general); Gradual implementation of laws; Holy days; Iran (documents); Laws; Naw-Rúz; Tehran, Iran; Twin Holy days

Regional Bahá'í Councils of the United States, Messages to - Universal House of Justice (1997)
In these two short letters, the House of Justice first sends greetings to the newly-formed United States' four Regional Bahá'í Councils, followed by the Councils' vow of firmness.
See also: Characteristics and Functions of Regional Bahá'í Councils, Results of the First Regional Bahá'í Council Election, Establishment of Regional Councils: Introduction, and Establishment of Regional Bahá'í Councils in the United States.
Keywords: Regional Bahá'í Councils; United States (documents)

Registry of Early Canadian Believers - Hoonaard, van den,Will C. (1987)
A report on the recent progress in developing the Registry of Early Canadian Believers, 1893-1944, an adjunct project of A Short Encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith.
Written for possible inclusion in The Bahá'í Encyclopedia. Posted with permission of both the author and of the editor of the Encyclopedia project. Author note: Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B., Canada

Reincarnation and the Nature and Progress of the Soul - Bahá'u'lláh; Abdul-Bahá; Shoghi Effendi
Also available as a nicely-formatted PDF, prepared by Romane Takkenberg.
Keywords: Buddhism; Death; Hinduism; Interfaith dialogue; Reincarnation; Research Department, Questions and answers; Return; Silence; Soul

Reincarnation, Rebirth and the Progress of the Soul - Universal House of Justice (1995)
On reincarnation, the soul and the concept of “return,” and the mind and “former life memories."
The compilation referred to in the document is Reincarnation and the Nature and Progress of the Soul. Also available as a nicely-formatted PDF, prepared by Romane Takkenberg.
Keywords: Buddhism; Hinduism; Interfaith dialogue; Life after death (afterlife); Mind; Psychology; Reincarnation; Research Department, Questions and answers; Return; Soul

Reincarnation, The Return, and the "Cycle of Life" Chart - Getsinger,Edward C. (1916)
The concepts Reincarnation and Return in the context of pilgrims' recollections of the words of 'Abdul-Baha, with tablets translated by Ali Kuli Khan, and on Lua Getsinger's "Spiritual Evolution" chart.
Keywords: Buddhism; Charts; Hinduism; Interfaith dialogue; Pilgrims notes; Reincarnation; Return

Reis naar het Hart van de Qur'án: Het Heilige Boek van de islam voor hen die nadenken (door een niet-moslim) - Garcia,David Russell (2022)
Een overzicht van de Koran en zijn thema's: islam versus het christendom; wetten, geestelijke en sociale principes; heilige oorlog en vechten; redenen achter de reputatie van de islam als een oorlogsreligie; apocalypse.
Voor meer over jinn, zie On the Meanings of the Terms 'Angels' and 'Jinn' by Abdu'l-Bahá (provisional translation, 2019). See also English original.
Keywords: Adam and Eve; Angels; Bible; Book of Enoch; Christianity; Civilization; Clouds; Context, Taking verses out of; Creation; Culture, Western; Day of Resurrection (or Day of Judgment); Dead Sea scrolls; Decline and renewal of religion; Devil (Satan); E-books; Encouragement; Evil; Food; Forgiveness; Free will; God, Fear of; God, Mercy and compassion of; God, Will of; Heaven and hell; Hinduism; Human rights; Independent investigation of truth; Interfaith dialogue; Intermediary realm; Islam; Jesus Christ; Jihad (Holy war); Jinn (genie); Judaism; Justice; Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Laws; Life after death (afterlife); Love; Mary (Mother of Jesus Christ); Metaphors and allegories; Miracles; Muhammad (Prophet); Non-violence; Peace; Philosophy; Plato; Polygamy; Progressive revelation; Prophecies; Prophets; Purity; Quran; Renaissance; Resurrection; Return; Reward and punishment; Science; Signs; Sin; Soul; Tests and difficulties; Trinity; Two seas; Ungodly; Unity of religion; Violence

Rejoinder to Ata Arjomand - Ekbal,Kamran (Iran Nameh, 2014)
[article in Persian]
Needs abstract: please contact me if you know Persian and can offer a summary of this essay. With permission of author, mirrored from issuu.com/nameh.

Relating the Faith to Current Issues - Khan,Peter J. (1986)
Short essay outlining an approach to relate the teachings to current thoughts and problems of humanity.
The article was printed in a variety of publications, including Glory, vol. 20, no. 3, 1987. This version was scanned from a photocopy dated 27 May 1986.
Keywords: Calamities and catastrophes; Democracy; Government; Peter Khan; Politics; Public discourse (discourses of society); Social issues; Terrorism

Relationship Between Science and Religion - Hatcher,William S. (2003)
Fireside in St. Petersburg.
Posted to Youtube by william.hatcher.org.
Keywords: Science

Relationship between two statements of Bahá'u'lláh regarding the calculation of Ḥuqúqu'lláh - Universal House of Justice (2019)
About the relationship between paragraph 97 of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas (fraction) and “Questions and Answers”, number 8 (minimum threshold).
See also the original letter (recipient's name removed): uhj_huququllah_fraction_threshold.pdf.
Keywords: Huqúqu'lláh; Laws; Questions and answers

Relationship to Government - Author unknown, compiler (Baha'i World, 1986)
Three short sections: Loyalty to the government, the Bahá'í view of pacifism, and the Guardian's instructions regarding military service.
See Bahá'í World volume 18 table of contents.
Keywords: Government; Military; Obedience; Pacifism

Relativism and the Bahá'í Writings - Kluge,Ian (Lights of Irfan, 2008)
A strident rejection of the philosophical concept of relativism as being incompatible with a Bahá’í perspective, and a critique of Momen's 'Relativism' article on that basis.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #79, Louhelen Bahá'í School, Michigan (October 11-14, 2007). Also presented at the 31st ABS conference, see abstract and program. Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/79/kluge_relativism.
Keywords: Dualism; Interfaith dialogue; Irfán Colloquia; Monism; Philosophy; Relativism

Relativism: A Basis For Bahá'í Metaphysics - Momen,Moojan (Studies in Honor of the Late Hasan M. Balyuzi: Studies in the Bábí and Bahá'í Religions, 1988)
"Relativism" as a means of reconciling the often widely-divergent theologies of the world's religions.
Keywords: Buddhism; Christianity; Cosmology; Dualism; God, Worlds of; Hinduism; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Judaism; Metaphysics; Monism; Philosophy; Philosophy, Buddhist; Philosophy, Hindu; Philosophy, Islamic; Relativism; Relativity of religious truth; Speculation; Sufism; Theology

Relativism: A Theological and Cognitive Basis for Bahá'í Ideas about God and the Spiritual World - Momen,Moojan (Lights of Irfan, 2011)
A response to Kluge's critiques of his earlier article on relativism.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/momen_relativism.
Keywords: Cosmology; Dualism; Interfaith dialogue; Metaphysics; Monism; Relativism; Theology

Release the Sun - Sears,William (National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States, 1960)
Millennialism gripped many around the world during the early 19th century. While Christians expected the return of Christ, a wave of expectation swept through Islam that the "Lord of the Age" would appear. This is a living history of that period.
Text from Ocean. This version adds formatting. See it also at Google Books. Also available as an scan of the original [PDF, 10 MB].
Keywords: Báb, The; Comets; Dawn-Breakers (book); Falling stars; Millennialism; Prophecies; Return; Signs; William Sears

Releasing the Captive from His Chains - Scholl,Steven (dialogue magazine, 1986)
Bahá'í activism for human rights, and involvement with Amnesty International. Includes response by Drew Remignanti.
See also a letter from the UHJ clarifying that Bahá'ís may work with, but not hold membership in, Amnesty International, and see Human Rights and Religious Faith. See also list of dialogue articles or image scans.
Keywords: Amnesty International; Human rights; Iran (documents); Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Other

Religion and Atheism in the U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe - Bociurkiw,Bohdan R., editor (The Macmillan Press, 1975)
Two passing mentions, in the context of Islamic "spiritual administrations" in the USSR.
Keywords: Atheism; Eastern Europe; Mentions; Soviet Union

Religion and Evolution Reconciled: 'Abdu'l-Bahá's Comments on Evolution - Mehanian,Courosh; Friberg,Stephen R. (Journal of Baha'i Studies, 2003)
A survey of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s teachings on evolution showing that He reconciles two viewpoints — evolution and divine creation — that other thinkers have deemed irremediably in conflict.
Also available in Microsoft Word format, reformatted and corrected with updated quotations, prepared by Mike Thomas (2023). Also available in Russian translation as by Dr Alex Kavetsky as Религия и эволюция примирились in Word and PDF.
Keywords: Evolution; Science; Some Answered Questions (book)

Religion and Exclusivism: A Bahá'í Perspective - Savi,Julio (Lights of Irfan, 2006)
Various factors have distracted the attention of religionists from the essential teachings of religion rather than its secondary aspects; this has led to dangerous claims to exclusivity or finality, which need to resolved to ensure peaceful coexistence.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #62, Centre for Bahá'í Studies, Acuto, Italy (July 8-12, 2005). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/62/savi_exclusivism.
Keywords: Exclusivism; Interfaith dialogue; Irfán Colloquia; Progressive revelation; Relativism; Unity of religion

Religion and Family Planning in Contemporary Iran - Samandari Jensen,Mehri (In Iran: Studies in Babi and Baha'i History, 1986)
Why Muslims in Iran have a higher birthrate than Christians; the relationship between religion and birthrate; background culture of Christianity; religious affiliation alone does not determine behavior as much as an individual's own degree of religiosity.
Keywords: Bahá'í studies; Family; Iran (documents); Sociology; Statistics

Religion and Proto-Nationalism: Apelis Mazakmat and 'traces of mild sectarian strife' in New Ireland - Hassall,Graham (2001)
The career of Apelis Mazakmat, the first native Bahá'í in Papua New Guinea, set against the complex period of rapid social change in New Ireland after World War II.
Keywords: 1950s; 20th century; Australia; Biography; New Ireland, Papua New Guinea

Religion and Psychological Well-Being: Is There an Association? - Payman,Vahid (The Family: Our Hopes and Challenges, 1995)
Research on possible linkages between religion and mental health amongst the elderly are inconclusive: more research is needed; health professionals need to be aware of the importance of religion as a coping strategy for some.
This document is no longer available at its original host; mirrored from archive.org.
Keywords: Mental health; Psychology; Religion (general)

Religion and Relevance: The Baha'is in Britain 1899 - 1930 - Osborn,Lil (2003)
On the Bahá'í history in the British Isles during the first decades of the 20th century, when it was an inclusive supplementary religious movement not requiring renunciation of existing affiliation; identification of the 80 or so earliest British Bahá'ís.
A thesis submitted to the University of London for the degree of PhD, School of Oriental & African Studies, The University of London.
Keywords: 1899; 1930; 20th century; Bahá'í history by country; Biography; United Kingdom

Religion and Relevance: The Baha'is in Britain 1899-1930, by Lil Osborn: Review - Momen,Moojan (Religion, 2017)
Posted by author at academia.edu.
Keywords: 1899; 1930; United Kingdom

Religion and Science in the New Millennium: A Bahá'í Perspective - Merchant,Ali K. (Global Religious Vision, 2001)
An attempt to understand the essential functions of science and religion in human society, building on the work of Stanwood Cobb, William Hatcher and Anjam Khursheed, who have done pioneering research on the unity of religion and science.
Mirrored from globalvisionpub.com.

Religion for Mankind - Holley,Horace (George Ronald, 1956)
Twenty-two essays and talks selected from a half-century's work of one of the most distinguished Bahá’í authors, most written during the period 1921-1957.
Also available in

Religion in a Secular Age: The search for final meaning - Cogley,John (Pall Mall Press, 1968)
1-sentence mention from Part 3, "The Religious Response to Modernity."
Keywords: Mentions; Modernity

Religion in an Ever-Advancing Civilization - Bahá'í International Community (The Baha'is, 2017)
On the unity of humanity and the decline and renewal of religion.
The Bahá’ís is a popular magazine-format introduction to the Faith produced by the Bahá’í International Community, online here. Mirrored from bahaiworld.bahai.org, where this article is also available as HTML. A nicely-illustrated version of this is also available here.
Keywords: Civilization; Decline and renewal of religion; Introductory; Religion (general)

Religion in Iran - Daneshvar,Parviz (Macmillan Press Ltd., 1996)
Brief discussion of Amir Abbas Hoveyda, prime minister under Mohammad Reza Shah 1965-1978, whose father was Bahá'í but who denied being one himself.
Keywords: 1960s; Amir Abbas Hoveyda; Iran

Religion in the Middle East: Three Religions in Concord and Conflict: Volume 1, Judaism and Christianity - Arberry,Arthur J. (Cambridge University Press, 1969)
Three mentions of the Babis and Bahá'ís.
Keywords: Arthur Arberry; Christianity; Iran (documents); Israel; Judaism; Mentions

Religion in the Middle East: Three Religions in Concord and Conflict: Volume 2, Islam - Arberry,Arthur J. (Cambridge University Press, 1969)
Five mentions of the Babis, Bahá'ís, and Ahmadiyya.
Keywords: Arthur Arberry; Iran (documents); Islam; Mentions

Religion in the Modem World - Khursheed,Anjam (Singapore Baha'i Studies Review, 2001)
On aspects of the Western secular rebellion against theocracy and the rise of free enquiry and freedom of conscience through the lens of the European Reformation and Galileo’s conflict with the Papacy; religion's role in strengthening family unity.
See the table of contents, editor's note, and biographical data in the complete issue, vol. 6.
Keywords: Christianity; Community (general); Ethics; Family; History (general); Interfaith dialogue; Martin Luther; Philosophy; Reformation (Christianity); Science; Secularism; Unity

Religion in the Modern World - Taefi,Vargha (2016)
The problem with organised religion is not that it is organised; the problem is that it is not organised enough. The Baha’i Faith has revolutionised the concept of religion. It offers an alternative to organised religion: "organic faith."

Religion of Islam - Rabbani,Ahang (2007)
Explores core beliefs, the Qur’an, Hadith, law, prophecy, and eschatology, with comparisons to Bahá'í perspectives on divine revelation.
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Quran

Religion, Modernity and the "Clash of Civilisations": Context and Prospects - Velasco,Ismael (2013)
On the broader intellectual context for the emergence of the Bahá'í Faith in 19th century Iran and its subsequent engagement with Western modernity.
Paper presented at the Law and Politics ABS-UK conference in Cambridge University, 2013.
Keywords: East and West; Iran (documents); Islam; Modernity; Religion (general)

Religion, Orientalism and Modernity: Mahdi Movements of Iran and South Asia, by Geoffrey Nash: Review - Jung,Dietrich (2023)
Link to review (offsite).
Review posted at brill.com/.../article-10.1163-15700607-20220017.xml, where it is also available in HTML format.

Religion, the Bahá'í Faith, and Accounting: Is There a Link? - Doost,Roger K (Journal of Baha'i Studies, 1997)
Summary of discussions in an accounting class about spirituality. As a system that seeks to create balance, order, and justice in human business affairs, the philosophy of accounting is in line with belief in God and Baha’i principles.
See also journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/444
Keywords: Accounting; Business; Economics; Funds; Justice

Religions and Extraterrestrial Life: How Will We Deal With It? - Weintraub,David A. (Springer International Publishing, 2014)
2-page excerpt from a 5-page chapter on the Faith, in a book covering what world religions believe about alien life.
The following two pages, 199-200, are offered as a free sample of Chapter 20, "Bahá'í Faith," pages 199-204, from the publisher's website.
Keywords: Extraterrestrial life; Universe

Religions Are One: Warwick Leaflets - Warwick Bahá'í Bookshop (1993)
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; Introductory; Unity

Religions of Iran: From prehistory to the present - Foltz,Richard (Oneworld, 2013)
Excerpt from book: contents, preface, and a few pages on the origins of Iranian religion. (Offsite.)
This selection is posted as a free sample of the book, online at the publisher's website oneworld-publications.com/books/richard-c-folz/religions-of-iran.

Religions of the World: Divisive or Divine?: A Look at Religious Fundamentalism - Momen,Moojan (2001)
What 'fundamentalism' means from the religious viewpoint; sociological and psychological explanations of it; why it is that it has come to the fore at the present time.
Presented to the second annual Margaret Stevenson Memorial Dinner and Lecture, Stamford Plaza Hotel, Auckland, 3 November 2001.
Keywords: Criticism and apologetics; Fundamentalism; Interfaith dialogue; Liberalism

Religions Share Enduring Values - Buck,Christopher (World Religions: Belief, Culture, and Controversy, 2011)
Do all religions ultimately endorse the same spiritual values? Includes discussion of the "Golden Rule" and interfaith alliances.
Makes use of the CLEAR paradigm, a model to assist students in writing arguments. Based on the work of British philosopher Stephen Toulmin, CLEAR stands for Claim (position), Limits (qualifier), Evidence (reasons), Assumptions (warrants), and Rebuttal.
Keywords: Golden Rule; Interfaith dialogue; Values; Virtues

Religions: A Preliminary Historical and Theological Study - Gundry,D. W. (Macmillan & Company, 1958)
Brief 1-paragraph overview of the Bahá'í Faith.
Keywords: Islam; Mentions

Religious and Spiritual Groups in Modern America - Ellwood,Robert S. (Prentice-Hall, Inc, 1973)
From chapter eight, "The East in the Golden West: Other Oriental Movements."
Keywords: Bahá'í history; New religious movements (NRM); United States (USA)

Religious Authority and Apocalypse: Tafsír as Experience in an Early Work by The Báb - Lawson,Todd (Unity in Diverity: Mysticism, Messianism and the Construction of Religious Authority in Islam, 2013)
Analysis of the Báb's commentary on the Qur'an's longest chapter, Surat al-baqara, regarded as his first significant work, which includes themes such as divine self-manifestation, the hierarchy of existence, eschatology, and religious authority.
Read more or order a copy online at brill.com/products/book/unity-diversity (or see the
Keywords: Apocalypse; Báb, Writings of; Covenant; Interpretation; Islam; Quran; Tafsir (exegesis); Tafsir surat al-baqara (Commentary on the Surah of the Cow); Walaya

Religious Background of the 1979 Revolution in Iran - Momen,Moojan (1995)
Written for possible inclusion in The Bahá'í Encyclopedia. Posted with permission of both the author and of the editor of the Encyclopedia project. Mirrored with permission from momen.org.
Keywords: 1979; 19th century; 20th century; History (general); Iran (documents); Iran, General history; Iranian revolution (1979); Islam; Persecution, Iran; Shia Islam (Shiism)

Religious Behavior and Neuroticism, Spontaneity, and Worldmindedness - Keene,James J. (Sociometry, 1967)
Bahá'ís were included in a broad survey of religious thoughts and actions, and their attitudes statistically compared with followers of other faiths.
For another study by the author, see Bahá'í World Faith: Redefinition of Religion.
Keywords: Christianity; Judaism; Psychology; Sociology; Statistics

Religious Challenges in the 21st Century and the Bahá'í Faith - Merchant,Ali K. (Global Religious Vision, 2001)
Why has religion become suspect in present-day society? Do religious traditions help or hinder community? How does the Golden Rule, which exists in all religions, help build global unity?
Mirrored from globalvisionpub.com.
Keywords: 21st century

Religious Chic - Xuan,Zuo (Global Times, 2010)
A portrait of the Bahá'ís in contemporary China.
Mirrored from globaltimes.cn.
Keywords: China; First Bahá'ís by country or area; Newspaper articles

Religious Contentions in Modern Iran, 1881-1941 - Yazdani,Mina (2011)
In 20th-century Iran, anti-Bahaism played a role in transforming Shi'i religious piety into the political ideology known as Islamism; Bahá'ís became branded as Iran's internal "other"; role of The Confessions of Dolgoruki. Link to thesis (offsite).
PhD dissertation for the Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations, University of Toronto, 2011.
Keywords: 1881; 1941; 20th century; Conspiracy theories; Criticism and apologetics; Iran (documents); Opposition; Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Vasily Alexandrovich Dolgorukov, Prince

Religious Dissidence and Urban Leadership: Bahá'ís in Qajar Shiraz and Tehran - Cole,Juan (Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, 1999)
On understanding the role of dissident faith groups in Qajar urban life by contrasting merchant and artisan Bahá'ís in a small provincial capital, vs. a larger city with more government officials and elite women among the believers.
Also available as PDF scan of original.

Religious Extremism in a Multifaceted Context - Ayman,Alkhaldy; Rakan,Alhrahshehr (Journal of the Sociology and Theory of Religion, 2022)
Deconstruction of the word "extreme" in religious perspectives; proposal for a complete framework encompassing the many different components that make up religion: the intellectual, ceremonial, social, and political dimensions, beyond a focus on violence.
This article is online under CC license at revistas.uva.es. See full journal Los problemas sociales, económicos y religiosos desde la perspectiva bahá’í.
Keywords: Extremism; Islam; Radicalism; Religion (general); Sociology

Religious Freedom in the Asia Pacific: The Experience of the Bahá'í Community - Hassall,Graham (Human Rights, Faith, and Culture, 1998)
Some aspects of the Bahá'í Community's approach to one human rights initiative, the "Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief."
Presented at "Human Rights, Faith and Culture: A Conference Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights," Canberra, 7-8 November 1998. See the Declaration, below.
Keywords: Asia-Pacific; Human rights; United Nations

Religious Freedom in the Jurisprudence of the Egyptian and European Court of Human Rights - Mahmood,Saba; Danchin,Peter G. (South Atlantic Quarterly, 2014)
Egyptian jurisprudence produced on the status of the Bahai minority in Egypt, and analysis of cases of the European Court in which the principle of religious liberty and public order is invoked. Link to article (offsite).
Linked from works.bepress.com/peter_danchin/32 to umaryland.edu.

Religious Intolerance as a Source of Violence - Schaefer,Udo (World without Violence: World leaders share their commentaries on world harmony, peace and justice, 1994)
A Bahá'í-inspired examination of how religious fanaticism and prejudice promotes violence.
Mirrored with permission from udoschaefer.com.
Keywords: Mahatma Gandhi; Non-violence; Peace; Religious intolerance; Tolerance; Udo Schaefer; Violence

Religious Minorities in Iran, by Eliz Sanasarian: Review - Farhi,Farideh (Arab Studies Quarterly, 2001)
Mirrored from www.highbeam.com/library/doc3.asp?DOCID=1G1:78804229.

Religious Minorities in Iran, by Eliz Sanasarian: Review - Betts,Robert Brenton (Middle East Policy, 2001)
Mirrored from www.highbeam.com/library/doc3.asp?DOCID=1G1:82749659 [defunct].

Religious Minorities in Iran: Bahá'ís, Jews, and the Islamic State - Oliai,Sarah (Critique: A Worldwide Student Journal of Politics, 2011)
Overview of Iran's transition after the Islamic Revolution in 1979, leaving connections to its ancient empires and monarchical past while moving toward a national community united under Shi'a Islamic principles.
This document is online at illinoisstate.edu.
Keywords: 1979; 1980s

Religious Minority Rights - Buck,Christopher (Islamic World, 2008)
Discussion of three minority religions within Islamic states that have experienced persecution and hardships which attracted the attention of the international community: the Alevis, the Ahmadiyya, and Bahá'ís.
Mirrored with permission from christopherbuck.com.
Keywords: Ahmadiyya; Alawi; Human rights; Iran (documents); Islam; Pakistan; Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Other; Turkey

Religious Myths and Visions of America, by Christopher Buck: Review - Kyle,Richard (Journal of American History, 2011)
See also a presentation on this book.
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; United States (documents)

Religious Myths and Visions of America, by Christopher Buck: Review - Annus,Iren E. (Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions, 2012)
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; United States (documents)

Religious Myths and Visions of America: How Minority Faiths Redefined America's World Role - Buck,Christopher (Praeger, 2009)
A celebration of America’s religious diversity, showing how this multi-faith nation can and should play a leading role in promoting peace and goodwill among races, religions and nations, both at home and abroad. (2-chapter excerpt)
Two chapters of this book are shared here. To see the rest, please order a copy. See some reviews, at end.

Religious Myths and Visions of America: How Minority Faiths Redefined America's World Role - Buck,Christopher (2010)
Survey and comparison of ten religions that feature collective religious beliefs about America's mission and destiny, particularly in terms of its world role.
This presentation highlights the major research findings of Buck's book Religious Myths and Visions of America: How Minority Faiths redefined America's World Role (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2009); see Amazon. See also a review of this book and a course syllabus. Presented at the Grand Canyon Bahá'í Conference, Phoenix, December 23, 2012). See also an earlier version of this presentation, from Green Lake, 2010 [PDF, 7MB].
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; Myths; Religion (general); United States (documents)

Religious Myths of America (Syllabus) - Buck,Christopher (American Academy of Religion Syllabus Project, 2004)
Course syllabus; invited contribution, American Academy of Religion
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; Religion (general); United States (documents)

Religious Persecution and Oppression: A Study of Iranian Baha'ís' Strategies of Survival - Morlock,Naghme Naseri (Journal of Hate Studies, 2021)
Research based on extensive interviews exploring three ways that members of the Bahá'í community responded to diaspora and persecution: passing as Muslim, religious constancy in the face of danger, and alternating "passing" with open displays.
This document is online under Creative Commons license at jhs.press.gonzaga.edu, where it is also available in HTML and XML formats. See also From Outsider to Outsider: A Study of Iranian Bahá'ís' Identity in Iran and the United States (Morlock, 2023).
Keywords: Bahá'í Institute for Higher Education (BIHE); Children; Childrens classes; Conversion; Ethics; Faith (general); Human rights; Identity; Injustice; Iran (documents); Justice; Memorization; Non-violence; Persecution; Persecution, Education; Persecution, Human rights; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Recantation; Persecution, stigmatization; Psychology; Resilience; Silence; Steadfastness; Taqiyyah (dissimulation); Teaching; Trauma; United States (documents)

Religious Perspectives on the Narratives of America: The Search for Just, Honest, Inclusive and Forward-looking Tellings - Price,Audrey C., editor; Zabihi,Selvi Adaikkalam, editor (Aspen Institute Religion & Society Program; U.S. Bahá’í Office of Public Affairs, 2024)
Eleven essays by contributors from different communities, exploring how religious insights can create an inclusive, empowering American narrative that fosters unity and racial justice across diverse communities.
Link to PDF file at aspeninstitute.org/publications. Note: The ideas contained in this publication should not be taken as representing the views or carrying the endorsement of The Aspen Institute, the U.S. Bahá’í Office of Public Affairs, or the organization with which any author is affiliated.
Keywords: African Americans; Belonging (community); Christianity; Confucianism; Cultural diversity; Discrimination; Economics; Equality; Identity; Indigenous people; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Judaism; Justice; Narratives of America Project; Native Americans; Public discourse (discourses of society); Race; Racism; Sikhism; Social change; Social cohesion; Stories; Taoism; United States (documents); Unity

Religious Pluralism - Fazel,Seena (1995)
Written for possible inclusion in The Bahá'í Encyclopedia. Posted with permission of both the author and of the editor of the Encyclopedia project.

Religious Pluralism and the Baha'i Faith - Fazel,Seena (Interreligious Insight, 2003)
Provides an overview of the Bahá'í poisition on religious pluralism, reviewing relevant Bahá'í texts and scholarship that bear on this theme. Published with minor revisions.
See also Why the Bahá'í Faith Is Not Pluralist.
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; Pluralism; Relativism; Unity of religion

Religious Pluralism: A Bahá'í Perspective - Savi,Julio (World Order, 2000)
On resolving the conflicting truth claims made by different religious traditions; finding definitions for "religion" and "prophet"; problems of historical texts; the current state of religion.
Mirrored with permission from juliosavi.it.
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; Unity; Unity of religion

Religious prejudice - Universal House of Justice (2017)
On the Bahá’í community's perspective on religious prejudice and what action it is taking to address this issue in the world.
Mirrored from bahai.org, where it is also available in PDF and Word formats.
Keywords: Prejudice; Religious prejudice

Religious Truth as Found in the Writings of Shoghi Effendi - Shoghi Effendi (2013)
Brief compilation of passages from the Guardian on the relative nature of religious truths, non-absolutism, and progressive revelation.
Mirrored with permission from iscandertinto.com.
Keywords: Relativism; Relativity of religious truth; Truth

Remarks to Pilgrims to Haifa by Shoghi Effendi - Fellows,Vivian
Six short, undated quotations.
As the name "(Vivian Fellows)" appears in the middle of this page of notes, it is possible that the second two quotations were recorded by someone else. The title "Remarks to pilgrims to Haifa by Shoghi Effendi" was included on the original notes. No further identifying information was included on the original sheet.
Keywords: Arc (World Centre); Ark; Covenant; Hands of the Cause, Institution; Russia

Remember Bill Sears: musical meditations - Sears,William
Four musical pieces accompanying selections from the speeches of Sears.
Mirrored with permission from bahaimp3.narod.ru.
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Meditation; Music; Talks; William Sears

Remember My Days: The Life-Story of Bahá'u'lláh - Johnson,Lowell (National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of South and West Africa, 1980)
Biography of the prophet-founder of the Bahá'í Faith.
Also available as a Microsoft Word document.
Keywords: 19th century; Bahá'u'lláh; Biography; Introductory

Remembering 'Abdu'l-Baha's Call for Unity, a Century after World War I - Bahá'í World News Service (2018)
Collection of newspaper articles and photographs of Abdu'l-Bahá, on the general theme of unity in the face of war.
Mirrored from
Keywords: Abu-Sinan, Israel; Century of Light (book); Haifa, Israel; Israel; Lawh-i-Hague (Tablet to The Hague); Memorials of the Faithful (book); Newspaper articles; Palestine; Peace; Tablets of the Divine Plan; Unity; War; World War I; `Abdu'l-Bahá

Remembering Bernard Leach - Scott,Trudi (Baha'i World, 1986)
Memories of the Bahá'í potter Bernard Leach (1887–1979).
Go to Bahá'í World vol 18 table of contents. Published separately at
Keywords: 1887; 20th century; Arts and crafts; Bernard Leach; Biography; Cornwall, England; Interviews; Japan; St. Ives, England; United Kingdom

Remembering Shoghi Effendi as Interpreter - Mitchell,Glenford (1997)
Scholarly talk on the nature of interpretation and the Covenant, given at Foundation Hall of the House of Worship in Wilmette.
Talk given on July 27, 1997. Distributed on a series of two cassette tapes, © 1997 National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the U.S. Recorded, and posted here, with permission of speaker. Punctuation and paragraph breaks added by transcriber, and need further proofreading.
Keywords: Covenant; Interpretation; Shoghi Effendi

Remembering The Master - Palmer,Rhonda; Perry,Anne Gordon (2012)
Variations on a script for 1-3 voices, with both monologue and presentation versions, consisting of fictionalized retelling of stories about Abdu'l-Bahá visiting America.
Download audio at 9starmedia.com/encounters-with-abdulbaha.
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Drama; `Abdu'l-Bahá; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Travels of (documents)

Remembering the Master: A Review of Ramona Allen Brown's Memories of 'Abdu'l-Bahá: Recollections of the Early Days of the Bahá'í Faith in California - Kazemzadeh,Firuz (World Order, 1980)
PDF below generated from Microsoft Word version, prepared by Gengadran Arun (2022). Qnline in PDF and text formats at https://bahai.works/World_Order/Series2/Volume_14/Issue_3_4.
Keywords: California, USA; Health and healing; San Francisco, CA; United States (documents); `Abdu'l-Bahá

Remembrances of Shoghi Effendi: An address from the Hand of the Cause - Khadem,Zikrullah (1984)
Also posted online, in higher-quality files, at bahaistudy.org [archive.org] under the title "Remembrances of Shoghi Effendi." This audio posted online at http://bahaimp3.narod.ru/eng.htm

Remey, Charles Mason - Stockman,Robert (1995)
Written for possible inclusion in The Bahá'í Encyclopedia. Posted with permission of both the author and of the editor of the Encyclopedia project. Mirrored with permission from rsmd.net/research/remey-charles-mason.
Keywords: 1874; 1974; Biography; Charles Mason Remey; Covenant-breaking; Hands of the Cause

Reminiscences about Shoghi Effendi - Robarts,Audrey (The Vision of Shoghi Effendi, 1993)
Answers to questions "tell us about your first visit with the Guardian" and "what was the most important thing you learned from him," with details about pioneering in Africa.
See also audio, likely from this conference.
Keywords: 1955; Bechuanaland; Mahikeng, South Africa; Questions and answers

Reminiscences of Shoghi Effendi - Robarts,John; Robarts,Audrey; Khadem,Zikrullah; Banani,Musa (1984)
Originally posted at bahaistudy.org, archived at archive.org, which notes "Talks by Mr. & Mrs. Robarts, Mr. & Mrs. Khadem, and Mrs. Banani in 1984." These are presumably John and Audrey Robarts, Zikrullah Khadem, and Musa Banani, but I am not sure. No information is given about the context of this talk, but it is likely the proceedings later published as The Vision of Shoghi Effendi.
Keywords: 20th century; John Robarts; Músá Banání; Shoghi Effendi; Zikrullah Khadem

Reminiscences of the Summer School Green Acre Eliot, Maine - Remey,Charles Mason (1949)
On the evolution of Green Acre from a meeting place for New England intellectuals and religious speakers into a Bahá'í-managed summer school; Sarah Farmer's family and her personal difficulties; personalities of some early Bahá'ís; anecdotes by Remey.
Keywords: 1890s; 1892; 20th century; Biography; Green Acre Bahá’í School; Photographs; Summer schools

Remnants of a Life - Herrmann,Duane L. (Lighted Lake Press, 2019)
Poems that reflect on a childhood that was survived in spite of events and conditions; a message of hope for others that survival is worth the effort and more than mere survival is possible.
Sample of poems from the published book, selected by the author, for sharing with the Bahá'í Library. Available for purchase from Amazon.com: ebook and paperback.
Keywords: Poetry

Remoteness: Selected Poems - Savi,Julio (Casa Editrice Bahá'í, 2002)
A lengthy collection of poems, some originally written in Italian and translated to English by the author.
Mirrored with permission from juliosavi.it.
Keywords: Poetry

Removal of Administrative Rights - Universal House of Justice (1993)
Also available as a nicely-formatted PDF, prepared by Romane Takkenberg.
Keywords: Administration; Administrative rights; Spiritual Assemblies

Removing Poverty Through Virtues - Shams,Badi (2021)
If humanity has more than enough food and resources for everyone, why do so many live in poverty? Humanity's materialistic rulers have failed to solve this issue. The solutions to extremes of wealth and poverty go beyond economic theories and norms.
Keywords: Climate change; Economics; Environment; Ethics; Tips and suggestions; Virtues; Wealth and poverty

Renacer del Tiempo, El: Los ritmos profundos del calendario y los júbilos misteriosos de Ayyám-i Há - Velasco,Ismael (2004)
On the Bahá'í (Badi) calendar and the Bahá'í festival Ayyam-i-Ha.

Renforcer la solidarité: la cohésion sociale comme moteur du développement - Bahá'í International Community (2025)
Déclaration de la Communauté internationale bahá’íe à la 63e session de la Commission du développement social.
See English original.
Keywords: BIC statements; Social and economic development; Sustainable development

Replacing the Sword with the Word: Bahá'u'lláh's Concept of Peace - Saiedi,Nader (Baha'i World, 2019)
The writings of Bahá'u'lláh reconstruct foundational concepts such as mysticism, religion, and social order; theories of peace, including democratic, Marxist, and sociological.
Mirrored from bahaiworld.bahai.org (includes illustrations), where this article is also available as HTML.
Keywords: God, Word of; Jihad (Holy war); Peace; Removal of the sword; Sociology; Stages of the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh; Struggle for existence; Suriy-i-Haykal (Surih of the Temple); Tablets to kings and rulers; War

Report from the 1995 National Convention - Langness,David (1995)
A short series of daily reports from the U.S. National Bahá'í Convention, from a personal perspective.
See also a Response from the NSA.
Keywords: 1995; Conventions, National

Report of the International Teaching Team to the Far East - Cardell,Ted (1987)
Summary of activities of 36 Bahá'ís who left the United States in November 1987 to visit Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Thailand.
Originally distributed as an appendix to the author's One Person's Search for a Better World.
Keywords: Bangkok, Thailand; East Asia; Taipei, Taiwan; Teaching campaigns; Ted Cardell

Report of the Transliteration Committee - Plunkett,G. T. (The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1895)
The 10th Orientalist Congress in Geneva, 1894, produced the system of transliteration later approved by Shoghi Effendi.
Online at jstor.org/stable/25207765. See also the stand-alone booklet: archive.org/details/transliterationr00roya.
Keywords: 1894; Arabic language; Persian language; Sanskrit language; Translation; Transliteration and diacritics

Report on Citizenship Law: Egypt - Maleck,Dalia (Global Citizenship Observatory, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, 2021)
Section on the Bahá'í minority and statelessness, and al-Azhar's fatwa denouncing Egyptian Bahá'ís as apostates.
Link to document offsite (via embed).
Keywords: Egypt; Human rights; Persecution; Persecution, Egypt; Persecution, Human rights

Report through the New Territories Committee to the Knight of Bahá'u'lláh - Harvey,Winifred (1957)
Winifred Harvey's report of the funeral services in London upon the passing of the Guardian.
Keywords: 1957; London, England; Shoghi Effendi, Passing of

Report to the U.S. Secretary of State - Murray,W. Smith (1924)
A report to the US Secretary of State by W. Smith Murray, who was in charge of the U.S. Consulate in Tihran, on report of the murder of Vice Consel Robert Imbrie in Tihran.
On July 18, 1924, American Vice Consul Robert Whitney Imbrie was beaten to death in Tehran. Initially the Bahá'ís were accused as the murderers, but follow-up reports showed the attack to have been the result of a mob uprising. See also New York Times articles, a follow-up report A consideration of the Bahai religion, and a personal interview with a witness to the attack. This report was researched in the U.S. State Department Records, Near East Affairs Division, by Robert Stauffer.
Keywords: Robert Imbrie; Tehran, Iran; United States (documents)

(Report to the) American Oriental Society / A New Prophet - Wright,Austin (The Literary World, 1851)
First paper on Bábí history, from a letter to the American Oriental Society, published in multiple newspapers, including translation into German. Includes preface by Steven Kolins.
This was originally presented as letter by Wright to the American Oriental Society dated Feb. 18, 1851. An excerpt was printed under the heading "American Oriental Society" in The Literary World, June 14, 1851. See also Wright's 1852 Letter to the Missionary Herald and his 1853 "Short Chapter in the History of Bâbeeism in Persia."
Keywords: Austin Wright; Boston, MA; Bábísm, Early Western Accounts of; Iran (documents); Mentions; Newspaper articles; United States (documents); Urmia, Iran

Report/Memoirs of Bill Ekomiak - Ekomiak,Bill (2013)
Autobiographical memoir of an Inuit from Canada, followed by the booklet "The Sacred Circles of the North and South American Indians."
See short bio at chronologycanada/2020-12-22.
Keywords: 1970s; Bill Ekomiak; Bill Lemmon; Biography; Cape Breton Island, NS; Indigenous people; Inuit people; Montreal, QC; Phoebe Anne Lemmon; Québec City, QC; White Buffalo Calf Maiden

Reporting on the Spirit: How the Media Covers Spiritual and Religious Issues - Podger,Amaris (Associate, 2002)
There is no ideological reason to prevent journalists or media outlets from holding religious opinions or giving voice to them.
Paper from the 2001 ABS-ESE conference. Mirrored with permission from bahai-faith.manvell.org.uk. See also the full PDF for issue 37.

Representing the Unpresentable: Historical Images of National Reform, by Negar Mottaheddeh: Review - Kalpakian,Jack (Digest of Middle East Studies, 2008)
Book review that touches on the Islamic Republic's treatment of judgment day and how it relates to Bábí doctrine; the image of the Bábí as the internal, modern other inside Iran's national psyche; Qurrat al-'Ayn as a female equivalent of Joseph.
See preview at go.gale.com, and see also some other publications of Negar Mottaheddeh.
Keywords: Culture, Persian; Iran (documents); Iran, General history; Joseph (Prophet); Modernism; Reform; Ṭáhirih Qurratu'l-'Ayn

Reproduction and other Biological Subjects - Shoghi Effendi; Universal House of Justice (2000)
Embryology; reproduction; biology; genetic engineering
Also available as a nicely-formatted PDF, prepared by Romane Takkenberg. Submitted by and posted with permission of recipient.
Keywords: Biology; Embryology; Ethics; Genetic engineering; Laws; Organ donation; Organ transplantation; Philosophy; Reproduction; Science; Soul; Unresolved matters

Request for Designation as Martyr of Alonzo Twine - Universal House of Justice (2015)
In response to a request that Alonzo Twine, the first Bahá'í in the state of South Carolina, be named a Martyr to the Cause of Bahá’u’lláh, the House replied that there are no criteria for them to make such designations.
Keywords: Alonzo Twine; Martyrdom; Names and titles; South Carolina, USA; United States (documents)

Requisites for Family Unity: The Role of the Father in the Family - Chittleborough,Safoura (The Family: Our Hopes and Challenges, 1995)
The importance of the family as a whole in child-rearing and the negative consequences of family breakdown.
This document is no longer available at its original host; mirrored from archive.org. Author affiliation: South Australian Department for Family and Community Services
Keywords: Children; Education; Equality; Ethics; Family; Fathers; Unity

Resa I Persien ("Journey in Persia") - Vambery,Hermann (J. L. Törnqvists Förlag, 1869)
Book excerpt from 1869 of a travel diary in Swedish.
Mirrored with permission from www.uga.edu/bahai/2003/1869.html. Original source not cited. No translation is provided; try translate.google.com.
Keywords: 1869; Iran; Travelogues

Research Department, Functions of; Etymologies of three terms - Research Department of the Universal House of Justice (Baha'i Studies Bulletin, 1992)
Two questions: (1) what is the function of the Research Department, and (2) etymologies of the three terms "world of exemplars," "'álam," and "barzakh." Includes translated excerpts of tablets of Bahá'u'lláh and Abdu'l-Bahá.
The (unattributed) extracts below are from
Keywords: Alam-i-Mithal (World of images); Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Barzakh; Cosmology; Foundations of World Unity (book); God, Worlds of; Intermediary realm; Promulgation of Universal Peace (book); Research Department, Questions and answers; Two seas; Universal House of Justice, Research Department; Varqá, Mírzá `Alí-Muhammad; Words and phrases; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of

Reseña Biográfica de la Vida de la Sra. Isabel Pavón de Calderón: Biographical Summary of the Life of Mrs. Isabel Pavón de Calderón - de Zuleta,Clemencia Pavon (2009)
Biografía de Pavón de Calderón (1929-2000), una miembra de la Asamblea Espiritual Nacional de los Bahá’ís del Ecuador y Consejero Continental.
Ver también la biografía de Clemencia Pavón Mejía. Shared by, and posted with permission of, Oficina Nacional Bahá'í del Ecuador.
Keywords: 1929; 2000; Biography; Ecuador

Resilience in Children: Within a Spiritual, Social, and Neurobiological Framework - Mahmoudi,Hoda; Ahmadiyeh,Nasim (Journal of Baha'i Studies, 2002)
Exposure to hardship and to events requiring adaptation to change allows the child to learn flexibility and resilience, and so find his or her sphere of useful service in a constantly changing world.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/122.
Keywords: Children; Psychology; Resilience; Service; Tests and difficulties

Resistance, Resilience and the Role of Narrative: Lessons from the Experiences of Iranian Bahá'í Women Prisoners - Hakimian,Donna (Enquire (Electronic Nottinghom Quarterly for Ideas, Research, and Evaluation), 2009)
A study of Iranian Bahá’í women who were imprisoned in Iran following the 1979 revolution. Aspects of individual resistance and resilience are explored through life history interviews. Link to article (offsite).
This paper is online at nottingham.ac.uk.
Keywords: 1979; 1980s; Imprisonments; Iran (documents); Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Other; Resilience; Women

Resisting Educational Exclusion: The Bahá'í Institute of Higher Education in Iran - Affolter,Friedrich W. (2008)
Lecture hosted by the Ezri Center for Iran & Persian Gulf Studies, December 23 2008. Mirrored from gulfc.haifa.ac.il.

Resolve to Gain the Victory over Your Own Selves - Alves,Faizi, compiler (Juxta Publishing Co., 2013)
Passages from the writings of Bahá'u'lláh related to personal growth.
Mirrored with permission from juxta.com/books/resolve-to-gain-the-victory-over-your-own-selves/resolve-to-gain-the-victory-over-your-own-selves. See publisher's Books for the World license.
Keywords: Self; Spirituality

Resource Guide for the Scholarly Study of the Bahá'í Faith - Stockman,Robert; Winters,Jonah (Research Office of the Bahá'í National Center, 1997)
A comprehensive research and educational tool for the student or teacher of the Bahá'í Faith. Includes curriculum guides, lecture outlines, annotated bibliographies, and lists of educational materials.
Keywords: Bahá'í studies; Bibliography; Curriculum; Introductory; Reference works

Responding to an Attack on Humanity - Bryson,Alan (2010)
Reflections on the events of 9/11.
Keywords: Terrorism; Violence; War

Responding to Criticism and Opposition on the Internet - Bahá'í Internet Agency (2009)
Bahá’ís welcome constructive examination of their Faith. While they should not engage in exchanges that are divisive or contentious, Bahá’ís will not hesitate to respond, in a spirit of courtesy and fairness, to serious misrepresentations of their Faith.
This document is included in a collection of guidelines from the Bahá'í Internet Agency at bcca.org/bia, mirrored at bia_internet_guidance.
Keywords: Criticism and apologetics; Internet; Opposition; Social media

Responding to the War in Ukraine - Universal House of Justice (2022)
Actions Bahá'ís are taking in response to the invasion of Ukraine; the role of prayers and acts of service in bringing about a future without destructive weapons.
See also two letters from the House on similar topics, Humanitarian Responses to Global Conflicts and Migrants and Refugees in Europe (2015).
Keywords: Charity and relief work; Europe; Funds; Humanitarian Relief Fund; Migration; Peace; Prayer; Refugees; Service; Ukraine; War

Response to MacEoin's "Problems of Scholarship" and "A Critique of Moojan Momen's Response," A - Momen,Moojan; MacEoin,Denis (Baha'i Studies Bulletin, 1983)
A discussion touching on many topics, including scientific objectivity in the study of religion, faith vs reason, liberalism, academic standards, and the nature of sects vs "world religion."
See related discussions in Debates between MacEoin et al., and MacEoin's original article.
Keywords: Bahá'í studies; Criticism and apologetics; Scholarship

Response, by Bahiyyih Nakhjavani: Review - Shema,Elizabeth (dialogue magazine, 1986)
See also list of dialogue articles or image scans.
Keywords: Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Bahiyyih Nakhjavani; Family; Reconciliation; Women

Responsible Entrepreneurship: Engaging SMEs in Socially and Environmentally Responsible Practices - Starcher,George (European Bahá'í Business Forum, 2004)
The importance of reputation, and segmentation of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) according to their responsible behaviors. Presents a case for responsible entrepreneurship and summarizes how external stakeholders can engage SMEs.
Originally online as a free download from ebbf.org, preserved at archive.org.
Keywords: Business

Results of Talisman Attitudes Survey - Hadley-Ives,Eric (2000)
Detailed analysis of the beliefs and community interactions of participants in the listserver Talisman2 (circa 1999).
Originally posted at http://artsci.wustl.edu/~ejhadley/talis.html (defunct).
Keywords: Bahá'í studies; Criticism and apologetics; Internet forums; Scholarship; Talisman (email list)

Results of the First Regional Bahá'í Council Election - National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States (1997)
Results of the first US Regional Bahá'í Councils election, posted here because it was a "historic event."
See also: Characteristics and Functions of Regional Bahá'í Councils, Establishment of Regional Councils: Introduction, Establishment of Regional Bahá'í Councils in the United States, and Messages between the House and Regional Bahá'í Councils.
Keywords: Regional Bahá'í Councils; United States (documents)

Resurgence of Apocalyptic in Modern Islam - Amanat,Abbas (The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. III: Apocalypticism in the Modern Period and the Contemporary Age, 2000)
Shi'i Mahdism, beliefs on the end of time, and overview of the rise of the Bábí Faith.
Full article comprises pages 230-254; included below are pages 237-246. The first 7 pages are devoted to modern neo-Sufi messianic movements in Africa — Tijaniyya, Sanusiyya, etc. — and the Sudanese Mahdi. The final sections of the article survey the Ahmadis, "Islamic utopianism" in the thought of Iqbal, Abduh and Rida, Hasan al-Banna and Sayyid Qutb, and then the Iranian revolution.
Keywords: 1260; Apocalypse; Báb, Laws of; Bábísm; Conference of Badasht (1848); Day of Resurrection (or Day of Judgment); Decline and renewal of religion; Hidden Imam; Hurqalya (imaginal realm); Islam; Letters of the Living; Mahdi (Mihdi); Maturity of humanity; Primal Point; Principles; Progressive revelation; Qá'im; Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsá'i; Shaykhism; Shia Islam (Shiism); Siyyid Kazim-i-Rashti; Twelfth Imam; Upheavals; Ṭáhirih Qurratu'l-'Ayn

Resurrection and Renewal: The Making of the Bábí Movement in Iran, by Abbas Amanat: Review - Banani,Amin (Journal of Baha'i Studies, 1989)
Keywords: Bábí history; Iran (documents); Ṭáhirih Qurratu'l-'Ayn

Resurrection and Return of Jesus - Universal House of Justice (Lights of Irfan, 2008)
The body of Christ; the burial of Christ; His return; and explaining the Bahá'í view to Christians.
First posted here in 1997; later published in Lights of Irfan.
Keywords: Bible; Christianity; Cosmology; Criticism and apologetics; Interfaith dialogue; Interpretation; Irfán Colloquia; Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ, Resurrection of; Jesus Christ, Virgin birth of; Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Life after death (afterlife); Manifestations of God, Recognition of; Mary (Mother of Jesus Christ); Metaphors and allegories; Peter (Apostle); Proofs; Prophecies; Research Department, Questions and answers; Resurrection; Return; Science; Some Answered Questions (book); Soul; Symbolism; Teaching

Resurrection and the World to Come - Bahá'u'lláh (2018)
Extract from the Lawh-i-Yusuf (Tablet of Joseph), explaining the meaning of 'paradise', 'hellfire', 'resurrection', and similar terms.
Mirrored with permission from kashkul.org (archived). See also an older translation of the full Tablet in Bahá'í Scriptures, pp. 199-204.
Keywords: Abhá Kingdom; Bridge (afterlife); Certitude; Creation; Day of Resurrection (or Day of Judgment); God; God, Grace and bounty of; God, Word of; God, Worlds of; Heaven and hell; Justice; Lawh-i-Yusuf (Tablet of Joseph); Laws; Life after death (afterlife); Manifestations of God; Manifestations of God, Recognition of; Opposition; Paradise; Preserved Tablet; Prophecies; Purity; Resurrection; Return; Service; Siyyid Yúsuf-i-Sidihí Isfahání; Soul; Tests and difficulties; Time; Trumpet blasts (prophecy); Youth (title)

Resurrection of Christ and the Bible - Universal House of Justice (1987)
Information on Bahá'í concepts related to the Resurrection of Christ.
Keywords: Bible; Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Interpretation; Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ, Resurrection of; Life after death (afterlife); Promised Day is Come (letter); Research Department, Questions and answers; Resurrection; Science; Symbolism

Resurrection: A Bahá'í Perspective - Foster,Mark A. (1993)
Personal reflections and interpretations.
Keywords: Christianity; Islam; Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ, Resurrection of; Resurrection

Rethinking Humanitarian Intervention: A Fresh Legal Approach Based on Fundamental Ethical Principles in International Law and World Religions, by Brian Lepard: Review - Bashir,Dwight (Journal of Baha'i Studies, 2004)

Rethinking Migration from a Global Perspective - Schewel,Kerilyn (Baha'i World, 2020)
On migration and social transformation and humanity's response to displacement.
Mirrored from
Keywords: Migration

Rethinking Prosperity: Forging Alternatives to a Culture of Consumerism - Bahá'í International Community (2010)
The BIC's contribution to the 18th Session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, New York.
Mirrored from bic.org/statements. Also available as an eBook in both ePub and Kindle formats, from bahaiebooks.org.
Keywords: BIC statements; Bahá'í International Community; Consumerism; Economics; Prosperity; Statements; Technology

Rethinking Women's Nature - Vance,Deborah Clark (2010)
Presented at the Association for Bahá’í Studies Conference, Vancouver BC (August 13, 2010).
Keywords: Equality; Gender; Women

Retórica Gnóstica de la Espiritualidad en las Escrituras Bahá'ís, La - Villar Cardenas,Badi (La Pluma del Conocimiento, 2002)
Este escrito contiene una sencilla exposición de la riqueza de expresiones gnósticas que abundan en la retórica bahá’í de la espiritualidad, al tiempo que demuestra una diferencia substancial en cuanto a la cosmogonía, el compromiso social y la afirmación
Author note: Profesor de Educación Secundaria en la especialidad de Historia y geografia. Miembro de la Comunidad Bahá'í de Huaraz. From bahaidream.com; see also bahaidream.com/lapluma/revista01/revista01.htm.
Keywords: Cosmology; Gnosticism

Return of the Dreamtime - Trueman,Pym (The Family: Our Hopes and Challenges, 1995)
Brief history of Christianity and missionary work in Samoa and Australia, and how native Samoan customs and beliefs were changed or lost.
This document is no longer available at its original host; mirrored from archive.org.
Keywords: Aboriginal people; Australia; Christian missionaries; Christianity; Community (general); Cultural diversity; Culture, Indigenous; Dreamtime; Ethics; Evil spirits; Human rights; Indigenous people; Language; Materialism; Music; Mythology; Opposition; Prophecies; Samoa; Sharing; Spirits; Superstition; Traditions; Trauma; Unity

Return to Tyendinaga: The Story of Jim and Melba Loft, Bahá'í Pioneers, by Evelyn Loft Watts and Patricia Verge: Review - Profeit-LeBlanc,Louise (Journal of Baha'i Studies, 2014)
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/359. See also original scan, and review by L. Brown.

Return to Tyendinaga: The Story of Jim and Melba Loft, Bahá'í Pioneers, by Evelyn Loft Watts and Patricia Verge: Review - Brown,Lee (2013)
History of the first Aboriginal believers in Canada, who moved from Michigan to pioneer in the Tyendinaga First Nation in Ontario in 1948.
This review was posted with permission to onevoicepress.com, from which source it has been formatted and proofread for posting here. See also article on bahaichronicles.org, and review by L. Profeit-LeBlanc.
Keywords: 1948; Aboriginal people; Biography; Canada; Indigenous people; Jim Loft; Melba Loft; Michigan, USA; Native Americans; Ontario, Canada

Reunion with the Beloved: Poetry and Martyrdom - Hatcher,John S., editor; Hemmat,Amrollah, editor (Juxta Publishing Co., 2004)
Poetry by or in honor of early Bábí and Bahá'í martyrs. Includes foreword by Hushmand Fatheazam, and discussion of the concept of martyrdom, cultural issues, and history of persecutions.
Mirrored with permission from juxta.com/books/reunion-with-the-beloved-poetry-and-martyrdom. See publisher's Books for the World license.
Keywords: Abdi; Arts and crafts; Hushmand Fatheazam; Iran (documents); John Hatcher; Literature; Literature, Persian; Martyrdom; Mírzá Muhammad Na‘ím; Nabíl-i-A‘ẓam; Persecution; Persecution, Deaths; Persecution, Iran; Poetry; Rúhu’lláh Varqá; Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Ustad Muhammad-`Alí Salmáni; Varqa; Varqá, Mírzá `Alí-Muhammad

Revealed on the Day of Ridván (Nuzzila fi al-Yawm ir-Ridván): Excerpt - Bahá'u'lláh (2001)
Excerpt from a Tablet revealed by Bahá'u'lláh proclaiming the new Revelation.
Keywords: Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Ridván

Revelation and Social Reality: Learning to Translate What Is Written into Reality - Lample,Paul (Palabra Publications, 2009)
The nature of change in social reality, Bahá’í understanding and practice, learning and growth, participating in the advancement of society, and problems of knowledge and power.
Available for free download from palabrapublications.com/downloads.
Keywords: Advancement of civilization; Change; Growth; Institute process; Knowledge; Learning; Paul Lample; Power; Reality; Ruhi Institute; Social action; Study circles; Training Institutes